Fossano, alla scoperta della città degli Acaja
Quarto comune più popoloso della Provincia di Cuneo, Fossano si contraddistingue tra le "sette sorelle" per la presenza dell'imponente Castello dei Principi d'Acaja.
La città fu fondata nella prima metà del XIII secolo da una lega di comuni guelfi uniti nella lotta contro Asti che scelsero questa terrazza sul fiume Stura per la sua posizione strategica.
Testimonianze ritrovate nel corso del recupero del centro storico fanno, però, supporre che il sito fosse già stato abitato intorno all'800 a.C. da una popolazione dedita alla metallurgia e alla ceramica.
Gli studiosi fanno risalire l'etimologia del suo nome dal nome personale romano Faucius oppure dal termine fossato, fossà in piemontese, con riferimento alla fossa scavata intorno al nucleo primitivo.
Dichiaratasi ghibellina nel 1938, Fossano giura fedeltà a Manfredi IV, marchese di Saluzzo, perdendo così la sua indipendenza.
Dopo anni di instabilità nel 1314 venne ceduta alla famiglia degli Acaja guidata dal principe Filippo d'Acaja. Risale a questi anni la costruzione del castello voluto come fortezza a scopo difensivo.
Estintasi la dinastia Acaja la città passò nelle mani di Casa Savoia e ne seguì le vicende, compresi i periodi difficli della peste e dei saccheggi da parte dei francesi che la occuparono nel Cinquecento.
Ottenuto nel 1566 il titolo ufficiale di città da parte di Emanuele Filiberto e divenuta diocesi, Fossano conosce un'epoca di grande splendore, di sviluppo artistico e culturale e di espansione demografica che termina, purtroppo, con l'arrivo delle truppe francesi.
Nel corso del Settecento rivive di nuovo un periodo positivo, tanto che vengono costruiti alcuni degli importanti edici come la Cattedrale e l'Ospedale, mentre si consolida l'industria legata alla produzione della seta.
Nel 1796 la città venne assediata dalle truppe napoleoniche e nel 1800 vennero abbattute le mura e variata l'urbanistica del centro storico. Furono anni difficili sfociati nel regime fascista, da cui Fossano si liberò il 30 aprile del 1945.
La storia di Fossano ruota intorno alle sue fortificazioni ed al maestoso castello, simbolo della città.
La nostra visita può, dunque, iniziare dal Bastione del Salice ciò che rimane del sistema difensivo voluto da Carlo V nella prima metà del XVI secolo a protezione della Porta del Salice che si apriva verso l’altipiano e quindi la parte più vulnerabile da attacchi dei nemici.
Altri bastioni erano quello di San Martino dell’Annunziata e quello di Porta Porta Sarmatoria, abbattuti nell'Ottocento.
Da qui ha inizio Via Roma, la rettilinea Via Maestra attorno alla quale si sviluppa il centro storico. Il suo percorso si contraddistingue per la presenza di portici, alcuni medievali, che sono da tempo luogo di passeggiate e di shopping. Lungo VIa Roma si affacciano anche alcuni degli edifici più eleganti come Palazzo Pittatore e Palazzo Tesauro di Meano.
In posizione centrale si trovano il Palazzo Municipio, la cui Sala Rossa ha dipinti eseguiti tra il 1795 e il 1810 da un anonimo, e, di fronte, la settecentesca Cattedrale di Santa Maria e San Giovenale costruita su progetto di Mario Ludovico Quarini e l'alto campanile.
Nel vicino Museo Diocesano, allestito nel vecchio palazzo settecentesco del Seminario, sono esposti preziosi dipinti, sculture lignee e manufatti in argento del Seicento e Settecentesco.
Svoltano in Via Cavour, l’elegante via pedonale di collegamento tra l’asse principale di Via Roma e Piazza Castello, si giunge alla Porta di San Martino, l'unica porta medievale rimasta.
La Porta di San Martino, costruita nel Duecento ma abbattuta e ricostruita nel 1788, era la principale via di ingresso alla Fossano fortificata proprio per la sua vicinanza Castello degli Acaja.
Il maestoso edificio voluto da Filippo d'Acaia nel 1324 nacque come fortezza militare e solo a seguito del suo passaggio ai Saoia fu trasformato dal Duca Amedeo VIII d’Aosta in una residenza elegante e luogo di corte.
Purtroppo gli arredi interni sono andati distutti quando il castello fu trasformato in carcere. Restaurato, oggi le sale di due piani ospitano la Biblioteca Civica, che gestisce anche le visite guidate all'edificio.
Tracce della Fossano medievale si riscontrano tra le stradine e gli stretti vicoli di Borgo Vecchio e di Borgo Piazza. Esempi sono Via Bava, ex Via dei Nobili, dove si trovavano i palazzi delle più importanti famiglie aristocratiche, e Piazza XXVII Marzo 1861, conosciuta come "Piazzetta delle Uova" dove sorgeva un convento francescano e si teneva l’antico mercato del pollame.
Fossano è anche la città della devozione e del Barocco Piemontese. Uno degli esempi più rappresentativi, oltre al Duomo, è la Chiesa della Confraternita della Santissima Trinità, annessa all'Ospedale, fu realizzata su progetto di Francesco Gallo e conserva decorazioni a trompe l'oil dei fratelli Pozzo.
Anche detta Chiesa dei Battuti Rossi, era in origine il luogo di culto della Confraternita dei Battuti Rossi, dedita alle cura degli ammalati.
La storia della città fu fortemente caratterizzata dalla presenza delle confraternite, associazioni laiche volte alla preghiera e alle opere di carità, e ai Battuti Rossi si affiancavano i Battuti Bianchi, che raccoglievano offerte di denaro per riscattare i cristiani fatti prigionieri dai mori e dai turchi, e i Batutti Neri che assistevano i carcerati e i condannati a morte.
La Chiesa del Gonfalone, del XVI secolo, era il luogo di culto dei Battutti Rossi, ora usata per attività culturali, mentre i Battuti Neri si riunivano in preghiera nella seicentesca Chiesa di Sant’Agostino, il cui interno conserva un prezioso coro barocco.
Altro importante esempio del Barocco Piemontese è la Chiesa di San Filippo Neri,edificio del '700 annesso al convento dei Padri Filippini, di cui non rimane che il porticato affiancato alla piazza. Gli interni sono spettacolari per l'effetto illusionistico dei suoi affreschi, opera di Milocco e dei fratelli Pozzo.
Riprendendo la ricerca delle tracce medievali nella città, due sono gli edifici religiosi dell'epoca: la Chiesa di San Giorgio, eretta agli inizi del Duecento è la più antica chiesa cittadina, la Chiesa di Santa Maria o "del Salice" e la Chiesa di San Giovanni, situata nella parte più antica di Fossano e per secoli luogo di culto della nobiltà fossanese.
Centro della città medievale è la Piazzetta di San Giorgio, nel Borgo Vecchio, dove si trova anche il Palazzo del Senato dove nel XVI secolo si svogevano le sedute ufficiali del governo del comune.
Da qui partono acune vie acciottolate sotto i cui bassi portici c’erano piccole botteghe a testimonianza del passato artigianale del primo nucleo cittadino.
Nel giro alla scoperta di Fossano non si deve dimenticare di ammirare il panorama dai due principali viali cittadini.
Viale Bianco, ripristinato da poco, unisce il Bastione del Salice alla Porta San Martino ripercorrendo la cinta muraria del Cinquecento ed il Bastione dell’Annunziata, di cui rimangono poche tracce. Da qui si può ammirare l’arco alpino e la pianura fossanese.
Il viale più celebre rimane, però, il Viale Mellano che inizia da Piazza Vittorio Veneto e termina nei pressi della Piazza d'Armi. Chiamato dai fossanesi “gir dla lingera” si snoda per circa 800 metri lungo il tracciato delle antiche mura cittadine affacciandosi sulla valle del fiume Stura ed offrendo il panorama sulle Langhe e le Alpi Marittime.
Se siete amanti delle Big Bench, le panchine giganti ideate da Chris Bangle, sappiate che anche Fossano ne possiede una. Per raggiungerla occorre percorrere il “Sentiero dell’Anima” che parte dalla chiesetta di via San Michele.
Dopo aver girato in lungo ed in largo la città, vi consigliamo di fare un salto a Cussanio, una frazione a 3 km dal centro dobve, in mezzo ala campagna, è situato il Santuario della Divina Provvidenza, non solo meta di pellegrinaggi, ma soprattutto luogo dove trascorrere in mezzo alla natura momenti di relax.
Se capitate a Fossano a metà Giugno potreste essre spettatori del Palio dei Borghi, famosa rievocazione storica che ricorda il passaggio a Fossano, nel 1585, di Carlo Emanuele I e della sua sposa in occasione del loro viaggio di nozze.
In questa settimana si organizzano grandi festeggiamenti, una parata storica in costumi del '500, spettacoli pirotecnici e la Giostra dell'Oca, evento molto sentito dai fossanesi che affonda le sue radici nel 1300 quando cavalieri al galoppo dovevano tagliare con la spada la testa di un’oca.
Ai giorni nostri lo spettacolo, che vede in gara i sette borghi cittadini, Borgo Vecchio, Piazza, Salice, Sant’Antonio, San Bernardo, Borgo Nuovo e Romanisio, comprende il tiro con l’arco e la corsa dei cavalli.
Uno spettacolo emozionante.
Discovering the Acaja city
Fourth most populous municipality in the Province of Cuneo, Fossano stands out among the "seven sisters " for the presence of the imposing castle of the Princes of Acaja. .
The city was founded in the first half of the 13th century by a league of Guelph municipalities united in the fight against Asti who chose this terrace near the Stura river for its strategic position.
Evidence found during the recovery of the historic center suggests, however, that the site had already been inhabited around 800 BC. by a population dedicated to metallurgy and ceramics.
Researchers trace the etymology of its name from the Roman personal name Faucius or from the term moat, fossà in Piedmontese, with reference to the pit dug around the primitive nucleus.
Declared Ghibelline in 1938, Fossano swears loyalty to Manfredi IV, Marquis of Saluzzo, losing so its independence.
After years of instability in 1314 it was ceded to the Acaja family led by Prince Philip of Acaja. The construction of the castle as a fortress for defensive purposes dates back to these years.
With the Acaja dynasty extinguished, the city passed into the hands of the House of Savoy and followed its events, including the difficult periods of the plague and looting by the French who occupied it in the sixteenth century.
Obtained the official title of city by Emanuele Filiberto in 1566 and became a diocese, Fossano knows an era of great splendor, of artistic and cultural development and of demographic expansion which unfortunately ends with the arrival of French troops.
During the eighteenth century, a positive period is revived again, so much so that are built some of the important buildings such as the Cathedral and the Hospital, while the industry linked to the production of silk is consolidated.
In 1796 the city was besieged by Napoleonic troops and in 1800 the walls were demolished and the town planning of the historic center changed. These were difficult years that led to the fascist regime, from which Fossano got rid in the 1945.
The history of Fossano revolves around its fortifications and the majestic castle, symbol of the city .
Our visit can therefore start from the Bastione del Salice what remains of the defensive system wanted by Charles V in the first half of the 16th century to protect the Porta del Salice which opened towards the plateau and therefore the most vulnerable part from attacks by enemies.
Other bastions were the one of San Martino dell’Annunziata and the other of Porta Porta Sarmatoria, demolished in the nineteenth century.
From here begins Via Roma, the straight Via Maestra around which develops the historic center. Its path is characterized by the presence of arcades, some medieval, which have long been a place for walks and shopping. Along Via Roma there are also some of the most elegant buildings such as Palazzo Pittatore and Palazzo Tesauro di Meano.
In a central position are placed the Palazzo Municipio, whose Red Room has paintings made between 1795 and 1810 by an anonymous, and, on the opposite, the eighteenth-century Cathedral of Santa Maria and San Giovenale built on a project by Mario Ludovico Quarini.
In the nearby Diocesan Museum, set up in the old eighteenth-century building of the Seminary, are exhibited precious paintings, wooden sculptures and silver artifacts from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries .
Turn into Via Cavour, the elegant pedestrian street connecting the main axis of Via Roma and Piazza Castello, to reach the Porta di San Martino, the only medieval gate left.
The Porta di San Martino, built in the 13th century but demolished and rebuilt in 1788, was the main entrance to the Fossano fortified because of its proximity to the Acaja Castle.
The majestic building commissioned by Philip of Achaja in 1324 was born as a military fortress and only after its passage to the Savoia it was transformed by Duke Amedeo VIII of Aosta into an elegant residence and court place.
Unfortunately, the interior furnishings were destroyed when the castle became a prison. Restored, today the two-storey rooms house the Civic Library, which also manages guided tours of the building.
Traces of the medieval Fossano can be found among the narrow streets and alleys of Borgo Vecchio and of Borgo Piazza. Examples are Via Bava, formerly Via dei Nobili, where were located the palaces of the most important aristocratic families, and Piazza XXVII Marzo 1861, known as "Piazzetta delle Uova" where stood a Franciscan convent and was held the ancient poultry market .
Fossano is also the city of devotion and Piedmontese Baroque. One of the most representative examples, in addition to the Cathedral, is the Church of the Confraternity of the Holy Trinity, annexed to the hospital, that was built on a project by Francesco Gallo and preserves trompe l'oil decorations by the Pozzo brothers.
Also known as the Church of the Battuti Rossi, it was originally the place of worship of the Confraternity of the Battuti Rossi, dedicated to the care of the sick.
The history of the city was strongly characterized by the presence of brotherhoods, lay associations aimed at prayer and charitable works, and in addition to the Battuti Rossi there were also the Battuti Bianchi, who collected offers of money to redeem the Christians taken prisoner by the Moors and Turks, and the Batutti Neri who assisted the prisoners and those sentenced to death.
The Church of the Gonfalone, from the sixteenth century, was the place of worship of the Battutti Rossi, now used for cultural activities, while the Battuti Neri gathered in prayer in the seventeenth-century Church of Sant’Agostino, whose interior preserves a precious baroque choir.
Another important example of Piedmontese Baroque is the Church of San Filippo Neri, a 18th century building annexed to the convent of the Philippine Fathers, of which remains only the portico next to the square. The interiors are spectacular for the illusionistic effect of its frescoes, the work of Milocco and the Pozzo brothers.
Resuming the search for medieval traces in the city, there are two religious buildings of that time: the Church of San Giorgio, built in the early thirteenth century is the oldest church in the city, the Church of Santa Maria or "del Salice" and the Church of San Giovanni, located in the oldest part of Fossano and for centuries a place of worship of Fossanese nobility.
The center of the medieval city is the Piazzetta di San Giorgio, in the Borgo Vecchio, where there is also the Palazzo del Senato where took place the official sessions of the government of the municipality in the sixteenth century.
From here start some cobbled streets, under whose low arcades there were small shops as evidence of the artisan past of the first city center.
While discovering Fossano we must not forget to admire the panorama from the two main ones city avenues.
Viale Bianco, recently restored, joins the Bastione del Salice to the Porta San Martino retracing the walls of the sixteenth century and the Bastione dell’Annunziata, of which few traces remain. From here you can admire the Alps and the Fossano plain.
The most famous avenue remains, however, the Viale Mellano which starts from Piazza Vittorio Veneto and ends near the Piazza d'Armi. Called by the people of Fossano "gir dla lingera", it winds for about 800 meters along the route of the ancient city walls, overlooking the valley of the Stura river and offering a view of the Langhe and the Maritime Alps.
If you love Big Benches, the giant benches designed by Chris Bangle, know that Fossano has one. To reach it, you must take the "Path of the Soul" which starts from the small church in Via San Michele.
After having toured the length and breadth of the city, we advise you to take a trip to Cussanio, a hamlet 3 km from the center where, in the middle of the countryside, there is the Sanctuary of Divine Providence, not only a pilgrimage destination, but above all place to spend moments of relaxation in the midst of nature.
If you happen to Fossano in mid-June you could be spectators of the Palio dei Borghi, a famous re-enactment historical that recalls the passage in the town, in 1585, of Carlo Emanuele I and his bride on the occasion of their honeymoon.
During this week, great celebrations are organized: an historical parade in 16th century costumes, fireworks and the Giostra dell'Oca, an event much felt by the people of Fossano which has its roots in 1300 when galloping knights had to cut off the head of a goose.
Nowadays, the show, which sees the seven city neighborhood competing, Borgo Vecchio, Piazza, Salice, Sant’Antonio, San Bernardo, Borgo Nuovo and Romanisio, includes archery and horse racing.
An exciting show.
Fourth most populous municipality in the Province of Cuneo, Fossano stands out among the "seven sisters " for the presence of the imposing castle of the Princes of Acaja. .
The city was founded in the first half of the 13th century by a league of Guelph municipalities united in the fight against Asti who chose this terrace near the Stura river for its strategic position.
Evidence found during the recovery of the historic center suggests, however, that the site had already been inhabited around 800 BC. by a population dedicated to metallurgy and ceramics.
Researchers trace the etymology of its name from the Roman personal name Faucius or from the term moat, fossà in Piedmontese, with reference to the pit dug around the primitive nucleus.
Declared Ghibelline in 1938, Fossano swears loyalty to Manfredi IV, Marquis of Saluzzo, losing so its independence.
After years of instability in 1314 it was ceded to the Acaja family led by Prince Philip of Acaja. The construction of the castle as a fortress for defensive purposes dates back to these years.
With the Acaja dynasty extinguished, the city passed into the hands of the House of Savoy and followed its events, including the difficult periods of the plague and looting by the French who occupied it in the sixteenth century.
Obtained the official title of city by Emanuele Filiberto in 1566 and became a diocese, Fossano knows an era of great splendor, of artistic and cultural development and of demographic expansion which unfortunately ends with the arrival of French troops.
During the eighteenth century, a positive period is revived again, so much so that are built some of the important buildings such as the Cathedral and the Hospital, while the industry linked to the production of silk is consolidated.
In 1796 the city was besieged by Napoleonic troops and in 1800 the walls were demolished and the town planning of the historic center changed. These were difficult years that led to the fascist regime, from which Fossano got rid in the 1945.
The history of Fossano revolves around its fortifications and the majestic castle, symbol of the city .
Our visit can therefore start from the Bastione del Salice what remains of the defensive system wanted by Charles V in the first half of the 16th century to protect the Porta del Salice which opened towards the plateau and therefore the most vulnerable part from attacks by enemies.
Other bastions were the one of San Martino dell’Annunziata and the other of Porta Porta Sarmatoria, demolished in the nineteenth century.
From here begins Via Roma, the straight Via Maestra around which develops the historic center. Its path is characterized by the presence of arcades, some medieval, which have long been a place for walks and shopping. Along Via Roma there are also some of the most elegant buildings such as Palazzo Pittatore and Palazzo Tesauro di Meano.
In a central position are placed the Palazzo Municipio, whose Red Room has paintings made between 1795 and 1810 by an anonymous, and, on the opposite, the eighteenth-century Cathedral of Santa Maria and San Giovenale built on a project by Mario Ludovico Quarini.
In the nearby Diocesan Museum, set up in the old eighteenth-century building of the Seminary, are exhibited precious paintings, wooden sculptures and silver artifacts from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries .
Turn into Via Cavour, the elegant pedestrian street connecting the main axis of Via Roma and Piazza Castello, to reach the Porta di San Martino, the only medieval gate left.
The Porta di San Martino, built in the 13th century but demolished and rebuilt in 1788, was the main entrance to the Fossano fortified because of its proximity to the Acaja Castle.
The majestic building commissioned by Philip of Achaja in 1324 was born as a military fortress and only after its passage to the Savoia it was transformed by Duke Amedeo VIII of Aosta into an elegant residence and court place.
Unfortunately, the interior furnishings were destroyed when the castle became a prison. Restored, today the two-storey rooms house the Civic Library, which also manages guided tours of the building.
Traces of the medieval Fossano can be found among the narrow streets and alleys of Borgo Vecchio and of Borgo Piazza. Examples are Via Bava, formerly Via dei Nobili, where were located the palaces of the most important aristocratic families, and Piazza XXVII Marzo 1861, known as "Piazzetta delle Uova" where stood a Franciscan convent and was held the ancient poultry market .
Fossano is also the city of devotion and Piedmontese Baroque. One of the most representative examples, in addition to the Cathedral, is the Church of the Confraternity of the Holy Trinity, annexed to the hospital, that was built on a project by Francesco Gallo and preserves trompe l'oil decorations by the Pozzo brothers.
Also known as the Church of the Battuti Rossi, it was originally the place of worship of the Confraternity of the Battuti Rossi, dedicated to the care of the sick.
The history of the city was strongly characterized by the presence of brotherhoods, lay associations aimed at prayer and charitable works, and in addition to the Battuti Rossi there were also the Battuti Bianchi, who collected offers of money to redeem the Christians taken prisoner by the Moors and Turks, and the Batutti Neri who assisted the prisoners and those sentenced to death.
The Church of the Gonfalone, from the sixteenth century, was the place of worship of the Battutti Rossi, now used for cultural activities, while the Battuti Neri gathered in prayer in the seventeenth-century Church of Sant’Agostino, whose interior preserves a precious baroque choir.
Another important example of Piedmontese Baroque is the Church of San Filippo Neri, a 18th century building annexed to the convent of the Philippine Fathers, of which remains only the portico next to the square. The interiors are spectacular for the illusionistic effect of its frescoes, the work of Milocco and the Pozzo brothers.
Resuming the search for medieval traces in the city, there are two religious buildings of that time: the Church of San Giorgio, built in the early thirteenth century is the oldest church in the city, the Church of Santa Maria or "del Salice" and the Church of San Giovanni, located in the oldest part of Fossano and for centuries a place of worship of Fossanese nobility.
The center of the medieval city is the Piazzetta di San Giorgio, in the Borgo Vecchio, where there is also the Palazzo del Senato where took place the official sessions of the government of the municipality in the sixteenth century.
From here start some cobbled streets, under whose low arcades there were small shops as evidence of the artisan past of the first city center.
While discovering Fossano we must not forget to admire the panorama from the two main ones city avenues.
Viale Bianco, recently restored, joins the Bastione del Salice to the Porta San Martino retracing the walls of the sixteenth century and the Bastione dell’Annunziata, of which few traces remain. From here you can admire the Alps and the Fossano plain.
The most famous avenue remains, however, the Viale Mellano which starts from Piazza Vittorio Veneto and ends near the Piazza d'Armi. Called by the people of Fossano "gir dla lingera", it winds for about 800 meters along the route of the ancient city walls, overlooking the valley of the Stura river and offering a view of the Langhe and the Maritime Alps.
If you love Big Benches, the giant benches designed by Chris Bangle, know that Fossano has one. To reach it, you must take the "Path of the Soul" which starts from the small church in Via San Michele.
After having toured the length and breadth of the city, we advise you to take a trip to Cussanio, a hamlet 3 km from the center where, in the middle of the countryside, there is the Sanctuary of Divine Providence, not only a pilgrimage destination, but above all place to spend moments of relaxation in the midst of nature.
If you happen to Fossano in mid-June you could be spectators of the Palio dei Borghi, a famous re-enactment historical that recalls the passage in the town, in 1585, of Carlo Emanuele I and his bride on the occasion of their honeymoon.
During this week, great celebrations are organized: an historical parade in 16th century costumes, fireworks and the Giostra dell'Oca, an event much felt by the people of Fossano which has its roots in 1300 when galloping knights had to cut off the head of a goose.
Nowadays, the show, which sees the seven city neighborhood competing, Borgo Vecchio, Piazza, Salice, Sant’Antonio, San Bernardo, Borgo Nuovo and Romanisio, includes archery and horse racing.
An exciting show.
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